DOCUMENTS 
DEPT. 


UNITED  STATES  DEPART! 


OF  LABOR 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  OCCUPATIONS 


WATER  TRANSPORTATION 


PREPARED  FOR  THE 
UNITED  STATES  EMPLOYMENT  SERVICE 

BY  THE 

UNITED  STATES  BUREAU  OF  LABOR  STATISTICS 


WASHINGTON 

GOVERNMENT  PRINTING  OFFICE 
1918 


UNITED  STATES  DEPARTMENT  OF  LABOR 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  OCCUPATIONS 


WATER  TRANSPORTATION 


PREPARED  FOR  THE 

UNITED  STATES  EMPLOYMENT  SERVICE 

BY  THE 

UNITED  STATES  BUREAU  OF  LABOR  STATISTICS 


WASHINGTON 

GOVERNMENT  PRINTING  OFFICE 
1918 


DOCUMENTS 
DEFT. 


INDEX 


Page 

Able  seaman.     (See  Seaman,  able.) 
Apprentice.     (See  Cadet,  deck.) 

B 

Baker,  assistant 24 

Baker,  chief 24 

Baker,  second 24 

Barkeeper 24 

Boatswain  _ 15 

Boatswain's  mate 15 

Boots,  assistant __ 24 

Boots,  chief 24 

Bridgeman,  ferry  slip 10 

Bugler . 25 

Butcher,  assistant 25 

Bu'tcher,  first. ... 25 

Butcher,  second 25 

C 

Cadet,  deck 15 

Cadet,  engineer.     (See  Engineer,  cadet.) 

Cadet  officer.     (See  Officer,  cadet.) 

Captain.     (See  Master,  ocean  and  coastwise  transportation.) 

Captain,  barge  or  scow 10 

Captain,  ferryboat.     (See  Master,  ferryboat.) 

Captain,  lighter  or  covered  barge 10 

Captain,  tug  or  steam  lighter.     (See   Master,  tug    or    steam 
fighter.) 

Captain's  boy _ 25 

Carpenter _ __ 15 

Carpenter's  mate 16 

Chef 25 

Chef,  assistant 26 

Chief  engineer's  boy 26 

Coal  passer 19 

Cook,  assistant 26 

Cook,  assistant  ship's 26 

Cook,  assistant  vegetable 26 

Cook,  roast  and  grill 26 

Cook,  ship's 26 

Cook,  tug  or  steam  fighter 11 

Cook,  vegetable 27 

(3) 


D 

Page 

Deck  boy. _._ _ _ 16 

Deck  cadet.     (See  Cadet,  deck.) 
Deck  engineer.     (See  Engineer,  deck.) 

Deck  hand,  ferryboat .  11 

Deck  hand,  first,  ferryboat 11 

Deck  hand,  first,  tug  or  steam  lighter 11 

Deck  hand,  second,  tug  or  steam  lighter 12 

Dishwasher 27 

E 

Electrician 19 

Electrician,  assistant 20 

Engineer,  assistant 12 

Engineer,  assistant  refrigerating.     (See  Oiler,  assistant  refrig- 
erating.) 

Engineer,  cadet 20 

Engineer,  chief  (harbor  transportation) 12 

Engineer,  chief  (ocean  and  coastwise  transportation) 20 

Engineer,  deck 20 

Engineer,  first  assistant 21 

Engineer,  fourth  assistant.     (See  Engineer,  junior.) 

Engineer,  junior 21 

Engineer,  refrigerating.     (See  Oiler,  refrigerating.) 

Engineer,  second  assistant 21 

Engineer,  stationary,  hoisting 12 

Engineer,  subjunior 22 

Engineer,  third  assistant 22 

F 

Fireman  (harbor  transportation) 12 

Fireman  (ocean  and  coastwise  transportation) ._ 22 

First  mate ___ 16 

Floatmari. 13 

Fourth  mate 17 

K 

Kitchen  boy.     (See  Scullion.) 

L 

Librarian 27 

Linen  keeper _ _  27 

M 

Master,  ferryboat .  _ 13 

Master  (ocean  and  coastwise  transportation) 16 

Master,  tug  or  steam  lighter 13 

Mess  boy,  fireman's 27 

Messman,  gunners' 27 


o 

Page 

Officer,  cadet.. 18 

Officer,  chief.     (See  First  mate.) 
Officer,  fourth.     (See  Fourth  mate.) 
Officer,  second.     (See  Second  mate.) 

Officer,  subjunior 18 

Officer,  third.     (See  Third  mate.) 

Oiler,  assistant  refrigerating 23 

Oiler  (harbor  transportation) 13 

Oiler  (ocean  and  coastwise  transportation) 22 

Oiler,  refrigerating 23 

Ordinary  seaman.     (See  Seaman,  ordinary.) 

P 

Pantryman,  first 27 

Pantryman,  second , 28 

Pantryman,  third 28 

Pilot,  ferryboat.     (See  Master,  ferryboat.) 

Pilot,  tug  or  steam  lighter 14 

Plate  washer.     (See  Dishwasher.) 

Porter  (harbor  transportation) 14 

Porter  (ocean  and  coastwise  transportation) 28 

Printer 28 

Purser ... 

Purser,  assistant 29 

Q 

Quartermaster  (harbor  transportation.)      (See  Wheelman.) 
Quartermaster  (ocean  and  coastwise  transportation). 18 

R 

Refrigerating  engineer.     (See  Oiler,  refrigerating.) 
Refrigerating  oiler.     (See  Oiler,  refrigerating.) 


Scullion ._ 29 

Seaman,  able 18 

Seaman,  ordinary. 19 

Second  mate 17 

Steward,  bath 29 

Steward,  bedroom 29 

Steward,  chief 29 

Steward,  chief,  second-class 30 

Steward,  chief  third-class 30 

Steward,  deck 30 

Steward,  glory-hole 30 

Steward,  second 30 

Steward,  second-class 30 

Steward,  smoking  room  _ 31 

Steward,  third 31 

Steward,  third-class 31 


Page 

Stewardess. _ 31 

Storekeeper,  assistant,  engineer's  department. 

Storekeeper,  assistant,    stewards'   department 

Storekeeper,  engineer's  department 23 

Storekeeper,  steward's  department 31 

Subjunior  officer.     (See  Officer,  subjunior.) 

Surgeon 32 

T 

Third  mate 17 

W 

Waiter,  first-class  saloon 32 

Waiter,  second-class  saloon 32 

Waiter,  third-class  saloon 

Watchman,  night 32 

Water  tender  (harbor  transportation) 14 

Water  tender  (ocean  and  coastwise  transportation) 23 

Wheelman 14 

Wiper - 24 


CODE  WORDS 


Code  word. 

Page. 

Code  word. 

Page. 

Boy 

15 

Enjoy.  . 

21 

Brace 

15 

Ennui  

21 

Brag 

24 

Ensue                _____ 

22 

Brain 

24 

Enter 

22 

Brake 

24 

Entry 

12 

Brand 

24 

Envoy  _    _    

12 

Brass 

24 

Epic 

12 

Brave 

24 

Fiber 

16 

Bread 

25 

Field  

17 

Brick 

25 

Fifth 

12 

Brief 

25 

Fill 

13 

Brier 

25 

Fiery  _ 

22 

Brim 

10 

Lax  _  _            _    _       _   _ 

27 

Cameo 

15 

Lay 

27 

Clock      ' 

15 

Met  

27 

Clog 

16 

Metal             

16 

Clot 

25 

Mete 

27 

Cloth 

25 

Mica 

13 

Cloud 

26 

Mid..    

13 

Clove 

26 

Oddlv    " 

18 

Clown 

26 

Ode 

18 

Club    

26 

Odeon.      

23 

Coach 

26 

Offer   _    _      _ 

13 

Coal 

19 

Oil 

22 

Coast  _____ 

26 

Okra.. 

23 

Coat 

26 

Pink    

27 

Cob 

27 

Pint       

•  28 

Come 

10 

Pious 

28 

Comma      _ 

10 

Pipe  _ 

28 

Congo 

11 

Piper  _    _    

28 

Defer 

16 

Pique 

28 

Deft 

27 

Pit 

29 

Defy  

11 

Pitch  

14 

Delay 

11 

Pivot     _    _  _  _    _    . 

14 

Dell 

11 

Quack 

18 

Delta 

12 

Shock 

17 

Emit 

19 

Shod 

18 

Empty 

20 

Shoe 

19 

J-^mjJ  VJ    -.            

Enact 

20 

Shone 

29 

End   

20 

Shoot 

23 

Endow 

21 

Shop          _    _    

23 

Enemy  _  . 

20 

Shore.  . 

29 

(7) 


8 


ti&rds — Concluded 


Code  word. 

Page. 

Code  word. 

Page. 

Short 

29 

Side 

32 

Shot 

29 

Spite 

32 

Shout 

30 

Stove 

30 

Show                     _   _.. 

30 

Thump.     ...    .   

17 

Shred                        -   - 

30 

Waste        _   _   .   _   

24 

Shrub 

30 

Watch 

14 

Shrug 

30 

Water 

23 

ShucK 

31 

Watt 

32 

Shun                 

31 

Wave...  

32 

Shut 

31 

Waver     

32 

Shute 

31 

Wavy  . 

32 

Shv 

31 

Wax 

14 

T**J  -- 

DESCRIPTIONS  OF  OCCUPATIONS:  WATER  TRANSPORTATION 

PREPARED  FOR  THE  UNITED  STATES  EMPLOYMENT  SERVICE  BY  THE  UNITED 
STATES  BUREAU  OF  LABOR  STATISTICS 

INTRODUCTORY  STATEMENT 

These  descriptions  of  occupations  are  based  on  investigations, 
including  private  interviews  and  correspondence,  extending  over 
practically  the  entire  United  States. 

The  outstanding  fact  developed  by  these  investigations  is  that 
there  are  few  standard  or  generally  accepted  occupational  names  or 
definitions.  It  has  been  necessary,  therefore,  for  the  Bureau  of  La- 
bor Statistics  to  define  certain  occupational  terms  and  classifications 
and  to  assume  the  acceptance  of  these  definitions  by  those  using  the 
descriptions.  The  bureau  is  fully  aware  of  the  fact  that  some  im- 
portant occupations  have  probably  been  omitted  and  that  in  some 
cases  subdivisions  may  have  been  carried  too  far.  These  faults  can 
be  corrected  only  by  means  of  suggestions  and  criticisms  arising 
from  the  use  of  the  descriptions  in  filling  positions. 

The  users  of  these  descriptions  are  urged  to  send  to  the  Bureau  of 
Labor  Statistics  all  suggestions  and  criticisms  as  they  arise,  so  that 
eventually  there  may  be  developed  a  national  standard  of  occupa- 
tional descriptions. 

Acknowledgement 

The  Bureau  of  Labor  Statistics  wishes  to  thank  all  those  who  have 
contributed  to  the  compilation  of  these  descriptions.  So  many  indi- 
viduals and  representatives  of  various  organizations  have  been  con- 
sulted that  it  is  impossible  to  make  special  mention  of  such  services. 

PREFATORY  STATEMENT 
IMPORTANT 

The  objects  of  these  descriptions  are  to  furnish  definitions  of  the  various  occu- 
pations, so  that  specifications  for  help  may  be  made  uniform,  and  to  furnish  a 
means  by  which  the  prospective  employee  may  be  informed  as  to  the  nature  of 
the  work  he  will  be  expected  to  do. 

Each  occupation  has  been  described  under  the  most  generally  accepted  title. 
The  descriptions  have  been  carefully  prepared  with  the  view  of  stating  clearly 
and  briefly  what  each  occupation  requires  in  the  way  of  performance  and  quali- 
fications, so  that  a  foreman  or  employment  manager  can  readily  specify  the  help 
wanted  and  can  pick  the  worker  best  fitted  to  fill  the  position. 
88852°— 18 2  (9) 


;  \.       10 

Witnoli);  SuOh'SMndaVd  defirltipas/advertisements  and  appeals  from  the  various 
Government  departments  or  from  a  central  employment  agency  would  lose  their 
effectiveness,  especially  when  the  recruiting  is  nation  wide. 

The  statement  of  actual  requirements  under  the  heading  of  "  Schooling  "  does 
not  have  reference  to  those  already  working,  but  should  be  interpreted  to  mean 
that  no  one  should  enter  the  specified  position  at  the  present  time  without  having 
the  equivalent  of  the  stated  schooling.  "  Common  school  "  signifies  the  comple- 
tion of  the  common-school  course. 

Directions  for  Using  Descriptions  and  Code  Words 

INDEX:  In  order  to  find  any  given  occupational  description  use  the  index. 

CODE  WORDS:  Each  description  has  a  code  word  which,  when  communicated 
to  any  person  who  has  access  to  these  descriptions  of  occupations,  will  enable 
him  to  ascertain  exactly  what  is  called  for  by  referring  to  the  description  indi- 
cated by  the  code  word.  (See  Code  words.) 

If  an  employee  is  wanted  who  has  training  sufficient  to  do  work  in  any  two  or 
more  occupations  described,  'the  code  words  of  these  descriptions  should  be  com- 
bined to  indicate  the  combination  of  qualifications;  for  example:  The  code  word 
designating  a  FIREMAN  and  an  OILER  (see  pp.  12  and  13)  would  be  FIFTH- 
OFFER. 


HARBOR  TRANSPORTATION 

BRIDGEMAN,  FERRY  SLIP  BRIM 

Kindred  Occupation:  Deck  hand. 

Description:  The  bridgeman  secures  the  incoming  ferryboat  to  the  bridge. 
He  puts  the  gangplank  in  place.  At  the  more  modern  ferry  slips  the 
bridgeman  raises  and  lowers  the  bridge  by  electricity,  thus  doing  away 
with  the  need  of  the  gangplank.  The  bridgeman  usually  fastens  one 
side  of  the  boat  while  a  deck  hand  takes  care  of  the  other  side  of  the 
boat. 

Qualifications:  Ordinary  strength  and  ability. 

Schooling:  Common  school. 

CAPTAIN,  BARGE  OR  SCOW  COME 

Description:  The  captain  of  a  barge  or  scow  has  general  charge  of  his 
boat  and  its  cargo.  He  takes  care  of  the  lines,  shifts  the  boat,  pumps  the 
boat,  and  makes  minor  repairs.  In  some  instances  the  captain  super- 
vises the  loading  and  unloading  of  the  boat.  The  work  requires  no  great 
activity  or  special  skill,  as  the  captain  is  merely  a  watchman  the 
greater  part  of  the  time. 

Qualifications:  Watchfulness.  Little  experience  is  required,  although  men 
with  boating  experience  are  preferred. 

CAPTAIN,  FERRYBOAT.      (See  Master,  ferryboat.) 

CAPTAIN,  LIGHTER  OR  COVERED  BARGE  COMMA 

Kindred  Occupations:  Barge  captain;  Scow  captain. 

Description:  The  captain  of  a  covered  barge  or  lighter  has  charge  of  the 
boat  and  its  cargo.  He  takes  care  of  the  lines,  shifts  the  boat,  pumps 
the  boat,  and  makes  minor  repairs.  He  tallies  and  signs  cargo  on  and 
off  the  boat  and  is  responsible  for  the  cargo.  The  captain  directs  the 
loading  and  unloading  of  the  boat  and  gets  the  boat  ready  to  load.  He 
sometimes  hires  the  loading  and  unloading  gangs, 


11 

Qualifications:  The  work  requires  a  little  more  ability  and  alertness  than 
that  required  of  a  barge  or  scow  captain.  Little  experience  is  required, 
although  men  with  boating  experience  are  preferred. 

Schooling:  Common  school. 

CAPTAIN,  TTJG  OR  STEAM  LIGHTER.     (See  Master,  tug  or  steam  lighter.) 

COOK,  TUG  OR  STEAM  LIGHTER  CONGO 

Kindred  Occupation:  Deck  hand. 

Description:  The  cook  orders  and  cooks  the  food,  bakes  bread,  and  serves 
the  meals  for  the  entire  crew.  On  tugs  carrying  only  one  deck  hand  the 
cook  helps  in  the  handling  of  the  stern  lines.  Where  there  is  only  one 
deck  hand,  the  cook  relieves  the  deck  hand  at  mealtimes. 

Qualifications:  The  cook  must  have  had  some  experience  in  preparing  food 
and  must  be  willing  to  assist  in  deck  work.  He  must  be  able  to  cook 
satisfactory  meals  on  a  given  allowance  per  day  per  man. 

Schooling:  Common  school. 

DECK  HAND,  FERRYBOAT  DEFY 

Kindred  Occupation:  Bridgeman. 

Description:  The  deck  hand  must  see  that  the  gates  of  the  ferryboat  are 
not  opened  until  the  boat  is  firmly  secured  in  the  slip.  While  the  boat  is 
under  way  the  deck  hand  is  assigned  to  an  end  of  the  boat,  and  acts  as 
lookout.  On  landing,  the  deck  hand  helps  the  bridgeman  secure  the 
boat, 

Qualifications:  Ordinary  strength  and  ability. 

Schooling:   Common  school. 

DECK  HAND,  FIRST,  FERRYBOAT  DELAY 

Kindred  Occupations:  Second  deck  hand;  Bridgeman. 

Description:  The  first  deck  hand  must  see  that  the  gates  of  the  ferryboat 
are  not  opened  until  the  boat  is  firmly  secured  in  the  slip.  On  landing  he 
helps  the  bridgeman  secure  the  boat.  While  the  boat  is  under  way  the 
deck  hand  acts  as  lookout  at  one  end  of  the  boat.  He  also  directs  the 
loading  of  the  boat.  On  those  boats  where  the  wheelman  does  not  drop 
the  pin  to  straighten  the  rudder,  the  first  deck  hand  attends  to  this  duty. 
On  the  smaller  boats,  the  first  deck  hand  performs  the  duty  of  a  wheels- 
man. 

Qualifications :  Ordinary  strength  and  ability ;  experience  as  bridgeman  or 
deck  hand. 

Schooling:  Common  school. 

DECK  HAND,  FIRST,  TTJG  OR  STEAM  LIGHTER  DELL 

Kindred  Occupation:  Second  deck  hand. 

Description:  The  first  deck  hand  handles  the  lines  that  are  given  to  or 
taken  from  barge  and  lighter  captains,  repairs  and  splices  lines  and  wire 
cables,  sweeps  the  boat,  cleans  brass,  paints  the  boat,  helps  fill  the  tanks 
with  water,  and  helps  coal  the  boat.  On  boats  not  equipped  with  a  blow 
system,  he  helps  the  fireman  remove  ashes  from  the  fireroom.  When  the 
tug  is  towing  a  oar  float  and  the  captain  has  no  clear  view  from  the  pilot 
house,  the  first  deck  hand  rides  the  float  as  a  lookout,  watches  out  for 
other  craft,  and  signals  the  captain.  When  entering  a  float  bridge,  he 
sees  that  the  float  is  properly  landed. 


12 

Qualifications:  Good  eyesight;  good  judgment;  attention  to  duty;  strength 

and  endurance ;  experience  as  a  second  deck  hand. 
Schooling:  Common  school. 

DECK  HAND,  SECOND,  TTTG  OR  STEAM  LIGHTER  DELTA 

Kindred  Occupation:   Floatman. 

Description:  The  second  deck  hand  handles  the  lines  that  are  given  to  or 
taken  from  barge  and  lighter  captains,  repairs  and  splices  lines  and  wire 
cables,  sweeps  the  boat,  cleans  brass,  paints  the  boat,  helps  fill  the  tanks 
with  water,  and  helps  coal  the  boat.  On  boats  not  equipped  with  the  blow 
system,  he  helps  the  fireman  remove  ashes  from  the  fireroom. 

Qualifications :  Average,  ability ;  strength  and  endurance. 

Schooling:  Common  school. 

ENGINEER,  ASSISTANT  ENVOY 

Kindred  Occupation:  Oiler. 

Description:  The  assistant  engineer  is  u'nder  the  chief  engineer  and  has 
charge  of  the  engine  and  fire  rooms  when  on  watch. 

Qualifications:  Attention  to  duty.  The  assistant  engineer  must  have  a  li- 
cense issued  after  an  examination  by  the  United  States  Steamboat- 
Inspection  Service,  which  requires  that  an  applicant  have  had  sufficient 
experience  in  the  fire  or  engine  room,  or  have  equivalent  experience. 

Schooling:   Common  school. 

ENGINEER,  CHIEF  ENTRY 

Kindred  Occupation:  Assistant  engineer. 

Description:  The  engineer  is  in  charge  of  the  engine  and  fire  rooms.  He 
must  see  that  all  parts  of  the  boat  below  deck  are  kept  clean,  and  that 
all  machinery  is  kept  -clean,  oiled,  and  in  working  order;  he  executes 
the  captain's  signals  pertaining -to  the  propulsion  of  the  boat,  and  must 
see  that  the  boat  has  a  sufficient  supply  of  water  and  coal  aboard.  On 
some  vessels  he  hires  and  discharges  the  men  in  his  department. 

Qualifications:  Ability  to  handle  men;  ability  to  secure  economical  and  effi- 
cient service.  The  engineer  must  have  a  license  issued  after  an  examina- 
tion by  the  United  States  Steamboat-Inspection  Service,  which  requires 
that  an  applicant  have  about  one  year's  experience  as  assistant  engineer 
or  have  equivalent  experience. 

Schooling:   Common  school. 

ENGINEER,  STATIONARY,  HOISTING  EPIC 

Kindred  Occupation:  Lighter  captain. 

Description:  The  stationary  hoisting  engineer  operates  the  drums  necessary 
to  raise  and  lower  the  boom  and  the  load  on  nonself-propelled  lighters. 
He  tends  to  the  fire  and  looks  after  the  engine. 

Qualifications:  Judgment  and  alertness  to  duty.  In  New  York  Harbor  a 
stationary  hoisting  engineer  must  have  a  license  from  the  Police  Depart- 
ment of  the  City  of  New  York. 

Schooling:   Common  school. 

FIREMAN  FIFTH 

Description:  The  fireman  shovels  coal  on  the  fires,  keeps  them  clean,  and 
maintains  an  even  fire  bed.  He  must  be  able  to  clean  his  fires  without 
the  loss  of  steam.  On  those  boats  which  stop  at  night  the  fireman  must 
bank  his  fires  and  in  the  morning  have  the  boat  ready  by  the  time  the 
rest  of  the  crew  come  on  board.  On  boats  not  equipped  with  a  blow  sys- 


13 

tern,  the  fireman,  together  with  the  other  members  of  the  crew,  removes 

the  ashes  from  the  fireroom. 

Qualifications:  Strength  and  endurance  of  high  temperatures. 
Schooling:  Common  school. 

FLOATMAN  FILL 

Kindred  Occupation:  Deck  hand. 

Description:  The  floatman  has  charge  of  the  cars  on  h*s  float.  He  sees 
that  the  float  is  properly  loaded,  fastens  the  cars  on  the  float,  and  takes 
the  numbers  of  all  cars.  He  sees  that  the  float  is  secured  to  the  bridge 
after  the  deck  hand  has  had  the  float  landed.  The  floatman  also  super- 
vises the  unloading  of  the  float. 

Qualifications:  Average  ability,  strength,  and  endurance. 

Schooling:   Common  school. 

MASTER,  FERRYBOAT  MICA 

Kindred  Occupation:  Wheelman. 

Description:  The  master  has  charge  of  the  navigation  and  safety  of  the 
boat.  He  steers  it  and  gives  the  signals  necessary  for  its  propulsion  to 
the  engineer.  The  master  is  in  charge  of  the  fire  drills  and  boat  drills. 
He  is  responsible  for  the  safety  of  the  passengers  and  the  discipline  of 
his  crew. 

Qualifications :  Keen  eyesight ;  correct  color  sense ;  good  hearing ;  executive 
ability ;  ability  to  act  in  an  emergency.  The  master  must  have  a  license 
issued  after  examination  by  the  United  States  Steamboat-Inspection  Serv- 
ice, which  requires  that  an  applicant  have  about  one  year's  experience  as 
a  first-class  pilot  or  equivalent  experience. 

Schooling:   Common  school. 

MASTER,  TUG  OR  STEAM  LIGHTER  MID 

Kindred  Occupations:  Pilot;  Master,  ferryboat. 

Description:  The  master  is  in  full  charge  of  the  boat.  He  executes  his 
towing  orders,  steers  the  boat,  and  gives  the  engineer  the  signals  neces- 
sary for  the  propulsion  of  the  boat.  He  plans  his  order  of  assembling 
boats  to  be  towed  and  must  so  arrange  his  towing  as  to  take  advantage 
of  the  tides.  On  some  vessels  he  hires  and  discharges  the  men  in  his 
department.  He  also  looks  after  the  condition  of  his  boat  and  its  equip- 
ment. On  steam  lighters  he  is  charged  with  the  transportation  of  the 
cargo. 

Qualifications :  Keen  eyesight ;  correct  color  sight ;  good  hearing ;  ability  to 
act  in  an  emergency;  ability  to  secure  economical  and  efficient  service; 
executive  ability.  He  must  be  familiar  with  the  waters  of  the  harbor  and 
know  the  location  of  the  piers.  The  master  must  have  a  license  issued 
after  an  examination  by  the  United  States  Steamboat-Inspection  Service, 
which  requires  about  one  year's  experience  as  a  pilot  or  equivalent  ex- 
perience. 

Schooling:  Common  school. 

OILER  OFFER 

Kindred  Occupation:  Fireman. 

Description:   The  oiler  must  see  that  all  machinery  in  the  engine  room  is 

properly  oiled  and  kept  free  from  dust.     On  some  boats  he  helps  thfr 

fireman  clean  the  fires  and  hoist  out  the  ashes. 


14 

Qualifications:   Attention  to  duty.     The  oiler  must  be  familiar  with  boat 

machinery,  anl  have  had  fireroom  experience. 
Schooling:  Common  school. 

PILOT,  FERRYBOAT.     (See  Master,  ferryboat.) 

PILOT,  TUG  OR  STEAM  LIGHTER  PITCH 

Kindred  Occupations:  Master;  First  deck  hand. 

Description:  On  vessels  not  exceeding  150  gross  tons  no  mnster  is  carried, 
but  a  pilot  assumes  all  the  duties  and  responsibilities  of  a  master.  On 
vessels  exceeding  150  gross  tons  a  pilot  must  be  carried  in  addition  to 
the  master  if  the  master  has  no  pilot's  indorsement  to  his  license.  In 
most  cases  the  master  is  also  pilot.  On  vessels  exceeding  150  gross  tons 
and  running  both  day  and  night  with  double  crew,  the  pilot  is  second  in 
command  and  relieves  the  master.  When  on  duty  the  pilot  has  the  same 
duties  and  responsibilities  as  the  master. 

Qualifications:  Keen  eyesight;  ability  to  act  in  an  emergency.  The  pilot 
must  hold  a  license  issued  after  an  examination  by  the  United  States 
Steamboat-Inspection  Service,  which  requires  about  three  years'  experi- 
ence in  the  deck  department. 

Schooling:  Common  school. 

PORTER  PIVOT 

Description:   The  larger  ferryboats  carry  a  porter,  who  keeps  the  cabins, 

windows,  and  brass  clean,  and  when  necessary  assists  the  deck  hands. 
Qualifications:  Ordinary  strength  and  ability. 

QUARTERMASTER.     (See  Wheelman.) 

WATER  TENDER  WATCH 

Kindred  Occupation:  First  deck  hand. 

Description:  The  water  tender  sees  that  sufficient  water  is  kept  in  the 
boilers  and  that  there  is  sufficient  steam  pressure  on  the  boilers.  The 
water  tender  is  sometimes  carried  on  the  larger  harbor  boats. 

Qualifications:  The  water  tender  must  have  had  fireroom  experience  and 
familiar  with  boat  machinery. 

Schooling:   Common  school. 

WHEELMAN  WAX 

Kindred  Occupations:   Oiler;  Fireman. 

Description:  The  wheelman  is  an  assistant  to  the  master,  and  when  the 
ferryboat  is  under  way  he  must  be  in  the  pilot  house  with  the  master. 
While  the  boat  is  in  the  slip  the  wrheelman  takes  his  place  in  the 
inshore  pilot  house  to  see  that  everything  is  in  order  at  that  end.  On 
some  ferryboats  the  wheelman,  after  each  trip,  drops  the  pin  that  holds 
the  rudder  straight  at  the  fore  end  of  the  boat. 

Qualifications:  Good  eyesight;  correct  color  sense;  good  hearing;  alertness; 
attention  to  duty.  A  wheelman  must  have  had  experience  as  a  deck  hand. 

Schooling:   Common  school. 


OCEAN  AND  COASTWISE  TRANSPORTATION 

DECK  DEPARTMENT 

ABLE  SEAMAN.     (See  Seaman,  able.) 
APPRENTICE.     (See  Cadet,  deck.) 

BOATSWAIN  BOY 

Kindred  Occupations:  Boatswain's  mate;  Able  seaman. 

Description:  The  boatswain  is  detailed  or  hired  to  do  special  work.  He 
takes  orders  directly  from  the  mate  and  other  deck  officers  and  sees  that 
these  orders  are  carried  out.  He  oversees  the  work  to  be  done  in  the 
upkeep  of  the  vessel,  the  handling  of  the  cargo,  the  management  of  the 
boats,  and  similar  duties.  His  work  corresponds  to  that  of  a  foreman  in 
a  workshop  on  land. 

Qualifications:  He  must  be  an  able  seaman  with  wide  experience;  must 
have  a  sturdy  physique,  good  eyesight,  correct  color  sense,  and  good  hear- 
ing. He  must  be  able  to  understand  any  orders  given.  He  must  be 
alert  and  have  sufficient  executive  ability  to  handle  the  deck  crew. 

Schooling:  Common  school. 

BOATSWAIN'S  MATE  BRACE 

Kindred  Occupation:  Able  seaman. 
Description:   The  boatswain's  mate  assists  the  boatswain  in  his  duties  or 

works  on  the  alternate  watch. 
Qualifications:  He  must  be  an  able  seaman  and  be  able  to  work  the  seamen 

either  under  the  boatswain  or  alone.    He  must  have  a  sturdy  physique, 

good  eyesight,  correct  color  sense,  and  good  hearing.     He  must  be  able 

to  understand  any  orders  given. 
Schooling:   Common  school. 

CADET,  DECK  CAMEO 

Description:  To  comply  with  Section  8,  Part  XXVII,  Ocean  Mail  Service, 
Navigation  Laws  of  the  United  States,  every  ocean  mail-service  vessel 
must  carry  one  American-born  boy  under  21  years  of  age  for  each 
1,000-ton  register  and  one  for  each  majority  fraction  thereof.  When  as- 
signed to  the  deck  service,  the  cadet  is  trained  in  the  general  duties  of 
that  service. 
Qualifications:  Willingness  to  learn  seamanship;  adaptability;  consent  of 

parents  or  guardian. 
Schooling:  Common  school. 

CADET  OFFICER.     (See  Officer,  cadet.) 
CAPTAIN.     (See  Master.) 

CARPENTER  CLOCK 

Kindred  Occupation:   Carpenter's  mate. 

Description:  The  carpenter  takes  care  of  his  shop  and  keeps  an  inventory 
of  his  tools  and  supplies.  He  is  charged  with  the  upkeep  of  masts,  booms, 
and  wooden  decks,  and  the  opening  and  closing  of  hatches  and  cargo 

(15) 


16 

ports.  Repairs  to  tanks  not  made  by  the  engineer's  department  are  done 
by  the  carpenter.  He  has  charge  of  the  storm  oil  tanks,  sounds  bilges 
and  tanks,  examines  and  sees  that  fresh-water  tanks  are  completely 
filled,  fills  and  opens  tanks  as  directed. 

Qualifications:  He  must  be  a  shipwright  and  be  able  to  make  all  kinds  of 
repairs  not  made  by  the  engineer's  department. 

Schooling:  Common  school. 

CARPENTER'S  MATE  CLOG 

Description:  The  carpenter's  mate  assists  the  carpenter  in  his  work  and  is 

under  his  orders. 
Qualifications:  He  must  be  an  experienced  carpenter  and  must  be  capable 

of  making  general  repairs.     Sea  experience  desirable. 
Schooling:   Common  school. 

DECK  BOY  DEFER 

Kindred  Occupation:  Deck  cadet. 

Description:  The  deck  boy  does  such  work  in  the  deck  service  as  he  is 
directed  to  do  by  the  boatswain  and  the  deck  officers.  He  is  acquiring  his 
sea  legs  and  the  primary  experience  necessary  to  qualify  as  ordinary 
seaman.  He  must  be  able  to  understand  any  orders  given. 

Qualifications:  Willingness  to  learn  seamanship;  adaptability;  good 
physique. 

Schooling:  Common  school. 

DECK  CADET.     (See  Cadet,  deck.) 

MASTER  METAL 

Kindred  Occupations:  First  mate;  Second  mate. 

Description:  The  master  is  in  complete  charge  of  the  vessel  at  all  times. 
He  is  responsible  for  the  safe  navigation  of  his  vessel  and  for  the  gen- 
eral management  and  care  of  his  vessel  and  its  various  departments. 
He  sees  that  the  ship's  log  is  properly  kept.  He,  together  with  other 
officers,  must  regularly  inspect  the  vessel  for  its  ventilation,  warmth, 
sanitation,  and  cleanliness.  In  case  of  disaster  he  must  see  to  the  safety 
of  passengers  and  crew  and  be  the  last  man  to  leave  the  vessel. 

Qualifications:  He  must  know  the  laws  governing  his  business  upon  the  sea 
and  the  laws  defining  his  duties  and  responsibilities  to  ship,  passengers, 
crew,  and  cargo.  He  must  have. good  eyesight,  correct  color  sense,  and 
good  hearing.  He  must  have  executive  ability  of  high  order.  He  must 
have  a  license  issued  after  an  examination  by  the  United  States  Steam- 
boat-Inspection Service,  which  requires  that  an  applicant  have  at  least 
one  year's  experience  as  licensed  chief  mate  or  have  equivalent  experi- 
ence. For  details,  see  Ocean  and  Coastwise  General  Rules  and  Regula- 
tions, edition  of  April  8,  1918,  Steamboat-Inspection  Service,  Department 
of  Commerce. 

Schooling:  Common  school;  navigation  class  of  a  nautical  school  or  equiv- 
alent. 

MATES 
FIRST  MATE  FIBER 

Kindred  Occupations:  Second  mate;  Third  mate. 

Description:  The  chief  mate  is  next  in  authority  to  the  master  and  in  the 
latter's  absence  has  command  of  the  vessel.  He  is  the  executive  officer 
of  the  vessel  and  keeps  the  log.  He  must  be  familiar  with  the  vessel,  its 
complement,  its  equipment,  and  stores.  He  receives  the  cargo,  sees  that 


17 

It  is  properly  stored  and  discharged.  He  is  charged  with  the  inspection 
of  cargo-handling  gear,  lifeboats,  fire-fighting  equipment,  and  the  con- 
ducting of  fire  and  lifeboat  drills. 

Qualifications :  He  must  have  had  a  license  issued  by  the  United  States  Steam- 
boat-Inspection Service,  which  requires  that  an  applicant  have  at  least 
one  year's  experience  as  licensed  second  mnte,  or  have  equivalent  ex- 
perience. For  details,  see  Ocean  and  Coastwise  General  Rules  and  Reg- 
ulations, edition  of  April  8,  1918,  Steamboat-Inspection  Service,  Depart- 
ment of  Commerce.  He  must  have  good  eyesight,  correct  color  sense, 
good  hearing.  He  must  have  executive  ability  of  high  order  and  be  able 
to  organize  and  supervise  the  work  of  the  deck  department. 

Schooling :  Common  school ;  navigation  class  of  a  nautical  school  or  equiva- 
lent. 

SECOND  MATE  SHOCK 

Kindred  Occupation:  Third  mate. 

Description:  The  second  mate  has  charge  of  the  vessel  during  his  watch, 
takes  various  observations,  gives  orders,  and  performs  other  incidental 
duties.  On  the  larger  vessels  he  has  charge  of  the  after  end  of  the 
boat  at  sea  and  when  in  port. 

Qualifications:  He  must  have  a  license  issued  after  an  examination  by  the 
United  States  Steamboat-Inspection  Service,  which  requires  that  an  ap- 
plicant have  at  least  one  year's  experience  as  licensed  third  mater  or  have 
equivalent  experience.  For  details,  see  Ocean  and  Coastwise  General 
Rules  and  Regulations,  edition  of  April  8,  1918,  Steamboat-Inspection 
Service,  Department  of  Commerce.  He  must  have  good  eyesight,  correct 
color  sense,  good  hearing.  Attention  to  duty,  alertness,  executive  ability. 

Schooling:  Common  school;  navigation  class  of  a  nautical  school  or 
equivalent. 

THIRD  MATE  THUMP 

Kindred  Occupation:  Fourth  mate. 

Description:  The  third  mate  has  charge  of  the  vessel  during  his  watch, 
takes  various  observations,  gives  orders,  and  performs  incidental  duties. 
On  the  larger  vessels  he  has  charge  of  the  forward  end  of  the  boat  at 
sea  and  in  port. 

Qualifications:  He  must  have  a  license  issued  after  an  examination  by  the 
United  States  Steamboat-Inspection  Service,  which  requires  that  an 
applicant  have  at  least  two  years'  service  in  the  department,  or  have 
equivalent  experience.  For  details,  see  Ocean  and  Coastwise  General 
Rules  and  Regulations,  edition  of  April  8,  1918,  Steamboat-Inspection 
Service,  Department  of  Commerce.  He  must  have  good  eyesight,  correct 
color  sense,  good  hearing.  Attention  to  duty,  alertness,  executive  ability. 

Schooling:  Common  school;  navigation  class  of  a  nautical  school  or 
equivalent. 

FOURTH  MATE  FIELD 

Kindred   Occupation:    Cadet   officer. 
Description:  The  fourth  officer  has  charge  of  the  vessel  during  his  watch, 

takes  observations,  gives  orders,  and  performs  incidental  duties. 
Qualifications:    He  must  hold  a  third  mate's  license  and  have  the  same 

qualifications   as   the   third   mate. 
Schooling:    Common   school;    navigation    class    of   a    nautical    school    or 

equivalent. 


18 

OFFICER,  CADET  ODDLY 

Kindred  Occupation:    Subjunior  officer. 
Description:  The  cadet  officer  gives  the  other  officers  such  assistance  as  he 

may  be  called  upon  to  give.    He  is  a  student  officer  and  is  fitting  himself 

for  promotion. 
Qualifications:  He  must  have  had  at  least  two  years'  experience  in  the  deck 

department.     Serious  attention  to  duty.     Good   eyesight,   correct  color 

sense,  and  good  hearing. 
Schooling:    Common    school;    navigation    class    of   a    nautical    school    or 

equivalent. 

OFFICER,  CHIEF.     (See  Mate,  first.) 
OFFICER,  FOURTH.     (See  Mate,  fourth.) 
OFFICER,  SECOND.     (See  Mate,  second.) 

OFFICER,  STJBJTTNIOR  ODE 

Description:  The  subjunior  officer  has  completed  the  work  in  a  navigation 
school  approved  by  the  United  States  Shipping  Board,  which  places  him 
aboard  a  vessel  for  two  months  in  order  that  he  may  complete  his  sea 
experience  so  as  to  qualify  for  examination  as  third  mate.  He  is  a 
student  officer  and  gives  the  other  officers  such  assistance  as  he  may  be 
able  to  give. 

Qualifications:  Good  eyesight,  correct  color  sense,  and  good  hearing.  Two 
years'  experience  in  the  deck  service.  Must  be  an  American  citizen  over 
19  years  of  age. 

Schooling:  Common  school;  navigation  class  of  a  nautical  school  of  a 
Shipping  Board  school. 

OFFICER,  THIRD.     (See  Mate,  third.) 
ORDINARY  SEAMAN.     (See  Seaman,  ordinary.) 

QUARTERMASTER  QUACK 

Kindred   Occupation:    Able  seaman. 
Description:  The  quartermaster  is  an  able  seaman  detailed  or  hired  to  do 

the  special  work  of  steering  and  incidental  work. 
Qualifications:  He  must  be  an  able  seaman;  must  have  a  sturdy  physique, 

good  eyesight,  correct  color  sense,  and  good  hearing.     Must  be  able  to 

understand  any  orders  given. 
Schooling:  Common  school. 

SEAMAN,  ABLE  SHOD 

Kindred   Occupation:    Ordinary   seaman. 

Description:  The  able  seaman  performs  all  the  regular  and  emergency  duties 
required  in  the  deck  service. 

Qualifications:  He  must  be  19  or  more  years  of  age,  have  a  sturdy  physique, 
good  eyesight,  correct  color  sense,  good  hearing,  and  must  be  thoroughly 
accustomed  to  the  sea.  He  must  be  able  to  understand  any  orders  given 
and  be  able  to  meet  all  emergencies  arising  at  sea.  He  must  be  thor- 
oughly familiar  with  all  parts  of  the  vessel,  and  be  able  to  handle  skill- 
fully all  gear  and  appliances  and,  as  far  as  possible,  replace  them  when 
necessary.  He  must  be  able  to  stow  and  discharge  cargo,  to  use  the 
more  common  carpenter  tools,  to  take  soundings  with  a  hand  lead  and 
report  the  depth  of  the  water  correctly,  to  steer  the  ship  in  all  kinds  of 


19 

weather,  and  to  lower,  clear  away,  and  handle  a  lifeboat  at  sea.  On 
sailing  vessels,  he  must  be  able  to  perform  the  duties  indicated  above 
and  in  addition  know  the  use  of  every  part  of  the  standing  and  running 
rigging  of  such  vessels  and  be  able  to  loose,  set,  take  in,  reef,  and  furl 
sails  in  all  kinds  of  weather. 

NOTE. — In  order  to  be  shipped  as  able  seaman  a  man  must  hold  a  cer- 
tificate indicating  that  rating.  The  certificate  is  issued  by  the  United 
States  Steamboat-Inspection  Service  to  seamen  who  are  found  physically 
fit  and  who  can  show  three  years'  experience  in  the  deck  service  at  sea 
or  on  the  Great  Lakes.  However,  a  certificate  of  able  seaman  is  also 
granted  to  seamen  who  are  found  to  be  physically  fit  and  who  can  pass 
an  examination  to  determine  their  knowledge  of  seamanship.  To  take 
this  examination  applicants  must  have  served  one  year  or  more  on  deck 
at  sea  or  on  the  Great  Lakes.  Seamen  rated  as  able  seamen  under  this 
provision  can  not  compose  more  than  one-fourth  of  the  nuniber  of  able 
seamen  required  to  be  carried. 
Schooling:  Common  school. 

SEAMAN,  ORDINARY  SHOE 

Kindred  Occupation:    Deck  boy. 

Description:  The  ordinary  seaman  is  getting  acquainted  with  the  sea.  He 
works  with  the  able  seaman  and,  so  far  as  his  experience  and  ability 
will  permit,  does  the  same  work.  He  learns  all  that  he  can  about  the 
regular  and  emergency  duties  of  the  able  seaman. 

Qualifications:  He  must  have  good  physique,  good  eyesight,  correct  color 
sense,  and*  good  hearing.  He  must  be  able  to  understand  any  orders 
given.  He  should  have  acquired  his  sea  legs  and  have  shipped  as  deck 
boy. 

Schooling:   Common  school. 

STJBJTTNIOR    OFFICER.      (See   Officer,   sub  junior.) 

ENGINEER'S  DEPARTMENT 

CADET  ENGINEER.     (See  Engineer,  cadet.) 

COAL  PASSER  COAL 

Description:    The  coal  passer   keeps   the  fireroom   supplied   with   coal   by 

shoveling  coal  on  the  plates.    He  assists  the  fireman  in  cleaning  fires,  in 

removing  ashes  from  the  fireroom,  and  in  other  necessary  fireroom  work. 

He  is  acquiring  his  sea  legs  and  the  primary  experience  necessary  to 

qualify  as  fireman. 
Qualifications:  He  must  be  able  to  understand  any  orders  given.     He  must 

have  physical  strength  and  be  able  to  endure  high  temperatures. 
Schooling:   Common  school. 

DECK  ENGINEER.     (See  Engineer,  deck.) 

ELECTRICIAN  EMIT 

Kindred  Occupation:    Assistant  electrician. 
Description:  The  electrician  is  in  charge  of  and  keeps  in  repair  the  dynamo 

engines,    electric   motors,    ventilating   and    steam-heating    systems.      He 

stands  a  regular  watch  at  sea. 
Qualifications:   He  must  be  a  practical  electrician  and  have  the  ability  to 

repair  rapidly  any  breakdowns  in  his  department 
Schooling:  Common  school. 


20 

ELECTRICIAN,  ASSISTANT  EMPTY 

Description:   The  assistant  electrician  relieves  the  electrician  and  stands 
alternate  watches  with  him.    The  assistant  electrician  is  in  charge  of  the 
electrical  department  when  on  watch,  but  is  under  orders  of  the  elec- 
trician. 
Qualifications:   The  assistant  electrician  must  be  experienced  in  electrical 

work  and  capable  of  standing  his  watch  alone. 
Schooling:  Common  school. 

ENGINEER,  ASSISTANT  REFRIGERATING.     (See  Oiler,  assistant  refrigerating.) 

ENGINEER,  CADET  ENACT 

Description:   To  comply  with  Section  8,  Part  XXVII,  Ocean  Mail  Service 

Navigation  Laws  of  the  United  States,  every  ocean  mail-service  vessel 

must  carry  one  American-born  boy  under  21  years  of  age  for  each  1,000 

tons  register,  and  one  for  each  majority  fraction  thereof.    When  assigned 

to  the  engineer's  department,  the  cadet  is  trained  in  the  general  duties 

of  that  department. 

Qualifications:    Willingness  to  work;  adaptability;  consent  of  parents  or 

guardian. 
Schooling:  Common  school. 

ENGINEER,  CHIEF  ENEMY 

Kindred  Occupation:    First  assistant  engineer. 

Description :  The  chief  engineer  has  complete  charge  of  the  engines  and  boil- 
ers; electrical,  refrigerating,  and  sanitary  equipment;  and  all  deck  ma- 
chinery and  steam  connections  on  board.  He  is  held  responsible  for  their 
proper  working  and  for  the  carrying  out  of  the  regulations  of  his  de- 
partment. He  keeps  a  log  of  the  working  of  the  machinery  and  its 
breakdowns,  of  miles  traveled,  temperatures,  and  consumption  of  fuel. 
He  makes  a  list  of  necessary  repairs,  and  makes  a  written  report  of 
any  exceptional  repairs  executed  away  from  the  home  port.  He  must 
take  an  inventory  of  all  stores,  materials,  etc.,  and  make  requisitions 
for  the  next  voyage.  He  is  responsible  for  the  proper  coaling  of  the 
steamer  and  the  correct  quality  and  quantity  of  coal  furnished,  and  the 
proper  filling  of  the  water-ballast  tanks.  He  reports  on  the  qualifica- 
tions, conduct,  and  sobriety  of  the  engine  room  and  fireroom  crews. 

Qualifications:  He  must  have  a  license  issued  after  an  examination  by  the 
United  States  Steamboat-Inspection  Service,  which  requires  that  an  ap- 
plicant have  at  least  one  year's  service  as  first  assistant  engineer  or 
equivalent  experience.  For  details,  see  Ocean  and  Coastwise  General 
Rules  and  Regulations,  edition  of  April  8,  1918,  Steamboat-Inspection 
Service,  Department  of  Commerce.  He  should  have  executive  ability; 
ability  to  organize  and  supervise  the  work  of  his  department ;  mechanical 
ability  and  adaptability  so  as  to  be  able  to  provide  for  any  breakdown 
in  his  department,  by  interchange,  repair,  or  substitution  of  parts. 

Schooling:  Common  school. 

ENGINEER,  DECK  END 

Kindred  Occupation:   Refrigerating  oiler. 

Description:  The  deck  engineer  is  in  charge  of  and  keeps  In  repair  all 
deck  machinery,  such  as  steering  gear,  windlass  engine,  capstans.  Also 
looks  after  the  sanitary  system. 


21 

Qualifications:  He  must  have  had  several  years'  experience  In  the  upkeep, 

care,  and  repair  of  machinery ;  must  be  able  to  make  repairs  rapidly. 
Schooling:   Common  school. 

ENGINEER,  FIRST  ASSISTANT  ENJOY 

Kindred  Occupations:  Second  assistant  engineer;  Third  assistant  engineer. 

Description:  The  first  assistant  engineer  is  a  watch  engineer.  He  has 
charge  of,  and  is  responsible  to  the  chief 'engineer  for,  all  boilers,  main 
engines  and  auxiliaries,  and  other  plants  coming  under  the  engineer's 
department.  He  is  the  executive  officer  of  the  engine  department  and 
organizes  and  supervises  the  routine  work  of  the  same. 

Qualifications:  He  must  have  a  license  issued  after  an  examination  by  the 
United  States  Steamboat-Inspection  Service,  which  requires  that  an  ap- 
plicant have  at  least  one  year's  experience  as  second  assistant  engineer 
or  equivalent  experience.  For  details,  see  Ocean  and  Coastwise  Gen- 
eral Rules  and  Regulations,  edition  of  April  8,  1918,  Steamboat-Inspec- 
tion Service,  Department  of  Commerce.  He  should  have  the  ability  to 
supervise  the  workings  of  the  department ;  mechanical  ability  and  adapt- 
ability; executive  ability. 

Schooling :  Common  school ;  engineering  class  of  a  nautical  school  or  equiv- 
alent. - 

ENGINEER,  FOURTH  ASSISTANT.     (See  Engineer,  junior.) 

ENGINEER,  JUNIOR  ENDOW 

Kindred  Occupation:    Subjunior  engineer. 

Description:  At  sea  the  junior  engineer  is  in  charge  of  either  the  fireroom, 
the  engine  room,  or  the  auxiliary  engines.  The  fireroom,  engine  room, 
and  the  auxiliaries  have  each  a  junior  engineer  in  direct  charge  during 
each  watch.  All  of  them  are  responsible  to  the  senior  engineer  on  watch. 
In  port  the  junior  engineer  helps  the  other  engineers  overhaul  and  re- 
pair the  boilers  and  machinery. 

Qualifications:  The  junior  engineer  must  have  had  about  three  years'  ex- 
perience in  the  fireroom,  or  equivalent  experience,  and  must  hold  at  least 
a  third  assistant  engineer's  license.  He  must  be  able  to  stand  on  watch 
alone;  mechanical  ability  and  adaptability. 

Schooling:  Common  school;  engineering  class  of  a  nautical  school  or  equiv- 
alent. 

ENGINEER,  REFRIGERATING.     (See  Oiler,  refrigerating.) 

ENGINEER,  SECOND  ASSISTANT  ENNUI 

Kindred  Occupation:   Third  assistant  engineer. 

Description:  In  port  the  second  assistant  engineer  supervises  the  repairs 
and  the  overhauling  of  the  main  engines  and  auxiliaries  on  the  star- 
board side.  He  stands  a  watch  and  is  responsible  for  all  that  takes  place 
in  the  engine  room  and  fireroom  during  his  watch. 

Qualifications:  He  must  have  a  license  issued  after  an  examination  by  the 
United  States  Steamboat-Inspection  Service,  which  requires  that  an  ap- 
plicant have  at  least  one  year's  experience  as  third  assistant  -engineer  or 
equivalent  experience.  For  details,  see  Ocean  and  Coastwise  General 
Rules  and  Regulations,  edition  of  April  8,  1918,  Steamboat-Inspection 
Service,  Department  of  Commerce.  He  should  have  ability  to  supervise 
the  work  of  the  department ;  mechanical  ability  and  adaptability. 

Schooling:  Common  school;  engineering  class  of  a  nautical  school  or  equiv- 
alent. 


22 

ENGINEER,  STIBJUNIOR  ENSUE 

Description:  The  subjunior  engineer  has  completed  class  work  in  the  en- 
gineering department  of  a  nautical  school  approved  by  the  United  States 
Shipping  Board,  which  places  him  on  board  a  vessel  for  two  months  in 
order  to  complete  his  time  requirements  for  a  third  assistant  engineer's 
license. 

Qualifications :  Willingness  to  learn ;  alertness  to  duty ;  mechanical  ability 
and  adaptability. '  Should  have  had  two  years'  experience  in  the  engi- 
neer's department  or  equivalent  marine  machine-shop  experience.  Must 
be  an  American  citizen  over  19  years  of  age. 

Schooling:  Common  school;  engineering  class  of  a  nautical  school  or  of  a 
Shipping  Board  school. 

ENGINEER,  THIRD  ASSISTANT  ENTER 

Kindred  Occupation:   Junior  engineer. 

Description:  In  port  the  third  assistant  engineer  supervises  the  repairs 
and  the  overhauling  of  the  main  engines  and  auxiliaries  on  the  port  side. 
At  sea  he  is  a  watch  engineer  and  is  responsible  for  all  that  takes  place 
in  the  engine  room  and  fireroom  during  his  watch. 

Qualifications:  The  third  assistant  engineer  must  have  a  license  issued 
after  an  examination  by  the  United  States  Steamboat-Inspection  Service, 
which  requires  that  an  applicant  have  at  least  three  years'  experience 
as  fireman  or  equivalent  experience,  or  that  he  be  a  graduate  of  an 
engineering  class  of  a  nautical  school.  For  details,  see  Ocean  and 
Coastwise  General  Rules  and  Regulations,  edition  of  April  8,  1918, 
Steamboat-Inspection  Service,  Department  of  Commerce.  Ability  to 
supervise  the  work  of  the  department;  mechanical  ability;  adaptability. 

Schooling:  Common  school;  engineering  class  of  a  nautical  school  or 
equivalent. 

FIREMAN  FIERY 

Kindred  Occupation:   Coal  passer. 

Description:  At  sea  the  fireman  looks  after  a  set  of  fires,  shovels  in  coal, 
and  keeps  the  fires  properly  stoked.  In  port  he  cleans  tubes  and  boilers, 
packs  bearings,  and  does  other  necessary  fireroom  work. 

Qualifications:  He  must  have  physical  strength  and  be  able  to  endure  high 
temperatures,  and  he  must  be  sufficiently  accustomed  to  the  sea  to  auto- 
matically accommodate  his  body  to  the  movement  of  the  vessel.  He 
must  be  able  to  understand  any  orders  given.  He  should  be  able  to 
operate  any  boiler  without  assistance,  and  when  working  the  fires  be 
able  to  keep  steam  with  the  least  consumption  of  coal.  He  should  know 
the  names  of  every  part  of  the  boilers  and  the  use  of  such ;  also  the 
names  of  all  valves  and  auxiliaries  of  the  boiler,  and  should  be  able  to 
operate  the  same  and  to  make  small  repairs. 

Schooling:  Common  school. 

OILER  OIL 

Kindred    Occupation:    Fireman. 

Description:  At  sea  the  oiler  is  charged  with  oiling  either  the  main 
engines  and  auxiliaries,  the  fan  engines,  or  the  electric  engines.  He 
must  keep  the  machinery  oiled  and  clean,  must  see  that  it  is  running 
smoothly,  and  that  it  does  not  become  hot.  In  port  the  oiler  helps  the 
engineer  overhaul  and  repair  boilers  and  engines. 


23 

Qualifications:  Must  be  alert  and  pay  close  attention  to  duty.  He  should 
be  able  to  understand  any  orders  given.  Should  have  had  several  years' 
experience  in  the  engineer's  department  or  equivalent  marine  machine- 
shop  experience. 

Schooling:  Common  school. 

OILER,  ASSISTANT  REFRIGERATING  OKRA 

Description :  The  assistant  refrigerating  oiler  stands  alternate  watches  with 

the  refrigerating  oiler. 
Qualifications:  Must  have  a  general  knowledge  of  the  upkeep  and  repair 

of  machinery.    Must  pay  close  attention  to  duty. 
Schooling:  Common  school. 

OILER,  REFRIGERATING  ODEON 

Kindred  Occupation:  Assistant  refrigerating  oiler. 

Description:  The  refrigerating  oiler  is  in  charge  of  the  refrigerating  ma- 
chinery. He  oils,  cleans,  and  repairs  it  whenever  necessary. 

Qualifications:  Must  pay  close  attention  to  duty  and  have  a  general  knowl- 
edge of  the  upkeep  and  repair  of  machinery. 

Schooling:  Common  school. 

REFRIGERATING  ENGINEER.     (See  Oiler,  refrigerating.) 
REFRIGERATING  OILER.     (See  Oiler,  refrigerating.) 

STOREKEEPER  SHOP 

Kindred   Occupation:    Assistant  storekeeper. 
Description:  The  storekeeper  looks  after  all  tools  and  materials  for  repairs. 

He  keeps  a  record  of  tools  lent,  and  oils,  cleans,  and  sharpens  tools  for 

use  in  the  engineer's  department. 
Qualifications:  He  should  have  had  experience  as  assistant  storekeeper  or 

equivalent  experience,  and  should  use  judgment  and  common  sense  in  the 

issuing  of  tools  and  materials. 
Schooling:   Common  school. 

STOREKEEPER,   ASSISTANT  SHOOT 

Description:   The  assistant  storekeeper  takes  charge  of  the  storeroom  at 

night  and  works  under  the  direction  of  the  storekeeper. 
Qualifications:  He  should  have  had  general  machine-shop  and  tool-room  ex- 
perience and  should  use  judgment  and  common  sense  in  issuing  tools  and 
materials. 
Schooling:    Common  school. 

WATER  TENDER  WATER 

Kindred   Occupation:    Fireman. 

Description:  The  water  tender  checks  and  regulates  the  amount  of  water 
in  the  boilers  and  directs  the  work  of  the  firemen  and  coal  passers  and 
sees  that  the  correct  amount  of  steam  is  kept  in  the  boilers.  In  port 
he  helps  the  engineer  overhaul  and  repair  boilers  and  engines. 

Qualifications:  He  must  be  experienced  with  the  work  of  the  stoke  hole 
and  must  have  a  general  knowledge  of  the  working,  upkeep,  and  repair 
of  boilers.  Must  be  alert  and  attentive  to  duty;  able  to  direct  work  of 
the  firemen. 

Schooling:   Common  school. 


24 

WIPER  WASTE 

Description:  The  wiper  cleans  brass  work,  removes  oil  and  dust  from  vari- 
ous parts  of  the  engine-room  machinery  aboard  an  oil-burning  ship.  He 
is  acquiring  his  sea  legs  and  the  primary  experience  necessary  to  qualify 
as  fireman  on  an  oil-burning  ship. 

Qualifications :  Endurance  of  high  temperatures.    He  should  be  able  to  under- 
stand any  orders  given. 
Schooling:   Common  school. 

STEWARD'S  DEPARTMENT 

BAKER,  ASSISTANT  BRAG 

Description:  The  assistant  baker  helps  out  the  chief  baker  or  the  second 

baker,  as  required. 
Qualifications:  He  must  be  an  experienced  baker  and  preferably  have  had 

sea  experience.      Must  be  clean  and  healthy. 
Schooling:  Common  school. 

BAKER,  CHIEF  BRAKE 

Kindred  Occupation:   Second  baker. 
Description:  The  chief  baker  bakes  the  cakes,  pies,  puddings,  and  pastries, 

and  makes  out  the  requisitions  for  the  next  day's  supplies  from  the 

storekeeper. 
Qualifications:  He  must  be  an  experienced  baker  and  must  have  had  sea 

experience.     Must  be  capable  of  taking  charge  of  all  baking.     Must  be 

clean  and  healthy. 
Schooling:  Common  school. 

BAKER,  SECOND  BRAIN 

Kindred  Occupation:    Assistant  baker. 

Description:  The  second  baker  is  the  night  baker  and  bakes  the  bread  and 
rolls. 

Qualifications:  He  must  be  an  experienced  baker  and  have  had  sea  experi- 
ence. Must  be  clean  and  healthy. 

Schooling:  Common  school. 

BARKEEPER  BRAND 

Kindred  Occupations:  Storekeeper;  Smoking-room  steward. 

Description:  The  barkeeper  serves  beers,  wines,  and  cigars  at  the  bar. 

Qualifications:  Must  have  had  general  barkeeping  experience  and  prefer- 
ably have  had  sea  experience.  Must  be  able  to  remember  names  of  pas- 
sengers and  know  how  to  keep  charge  accounts. 

Schooling:  Common  school. 

BOOTS,  ASSISTANT  BRASS 

Kindred  Occupation:   Porter. 
Description:   The  assistant  boots  works  under  the  direction  of  the  chief 

boots  and  helps  him  in  the  polishing  of  shoes,  sweeping,  and  scrubbing, 

as  ordered. 
Qualifications:  Willingness  to  clean,  scrub,  and  polish. 

BOOTS,  CHIEF  BRAVE 

Kindred  Occupations:  Bedroom  steward;  Assistant  boots. 

Description:  The  chief  boots  directs  the  work  of  his  men  and  helps  in  the 
cleaning  of  shoes.  He  directs  and  helps  in  such  cleaning  of  the  stairs, 
hallway,  and  windows  as  he  may  be  called  upon  to  do. 


25 

Qualifications:  He  should  have  had  experience  as  an  assistant  boots  and 

be  able  to  direct  men  at  their  work. 
Schooling:  Common  school. 

BTJGLEE  BREAD 

Kindred  Occupation:   Waiter. 
Description:   The  bugler  blows  the  calls  for  meals  and  for  fire,  boat,  and 

general  musters. 

Qualifications:  He  must  know  how  to  blow  the  various  calls  and  be  punc- 
tual in  making  them. 
Schooling:  Common  school. 

BUTCHER.  ASSISTANT  BRIER 

Description:   The  assistant  butcher  does  such  work  as  cleaning  fish  and 

poultry,  and  cutting  meats  as  required  by  the  first  butcher  and  second 

butcher. 
Qualifications:  He  must  be  an  experienced  butcher  and  preferably  have  had 

sea  experience.     Must  be  clean  and  healthy. 
Schooling:  Common  school. 

BUTCHER,  FIRST  BRICK 

Kindred  Occupation:    Second  butcher. 

Description:  The  first  butcher  cuts  the  meat  into  proper  pieces  and  issues 
the  same;  has  the  fish  and  poultry  cleaned.  He  keeps  a  record  of  the 
daily  consumption  of  meats,  fish,  and  poultry;  has  the  meat  properly 
stowed  and  hung  in  the  refrigerating  and  chill  chambers. 

Qualifications:  He  must  be  an  experienced  butcher  and  have  had  sea 
experience ;  must  be  clean  and  healthy. 

Schooling:  Common  school.  « 

BUTCHER,  SECOND  BRIEF 

Kindred  Occupation:   Assistant  butcher. 
Description:  The  second  butcher  helps  the  first  butcher  In  cutting  up  and 

issuing  meat ;  cleans  fish  and  poultry. 
Qualifications:    He   must  be   an   experienced   butcher   and   have   had   sea 

experience ;  must  be  clean  and  healthy. 
Schooling:  Common  school. 

CAPTAIN'S  BOY  CLOT 

Kindred  Occupations :  Chief  engineer's  boy ;  Mess  boy. 
Description:  The  captain's  boy  waits  on  the  captain,  acts  as  messenger  for 

him,  takes  care  of  his  room  and  his  clothes,  and  performs  such  other 

duties  as  may  be  required  of  him. 
Qualifications:  Should  be  bright  and  active. 
Schooling:  Common  school. 

CHEF  CLOTH 

Kindred  Occupation:   Assistant  chef. 

Description:  The  chef  is  in  charge  of  all  kitchens  and  is  responsible  for 
the  culinary  department's  efficiency  and  service.  He  must  spend  as  much 
time  as  possible  in  the  kitchens  to  see  that  nothing  is  wasted  and  that 
everything  is  kept  clean  and  tidy  in  his  department. 

Qualifications:  He  should  have  worked  through  the  different  grades  of  his 
department.  Must  be  a  good  cook,  baker,  and  butcher,  and  know  how 
to  requisition  food  from  the  storekeeper.  Must  be  able  to  handle  his 
men ;  must  be  clean  and  healthy. 

Schooling:  Common  school. 


26 

CHEF,  ASSISTANT  CLOTTD 

Kindred  Occupations :  Roast  and  grill  cook ;  Vegetable  cook. 

Description:  The  assistant  chef  works  under  the  direct  supervision  of  the 
chef  and  assists  him  in  the  care  and' upkeep  of  the  culinary  department. 

Qualifications:  He  should  have  worked  through  the  different  grades  of  his 
department  and  should  be  able  to  assist  in  directing  the  work  of  the 
men  in  the  culinary  department.  Must  be  clean  and  healthy. 

Schooling:  Common  school. 

CHIEF  ENGINEER'S  BOY  CLOVE 

Kindred  Occupations:  Captain's  boy;  Mess  boy. 

Description:  The  chief  engineer's  boy  waits  on  the  engineer,  acts  as  mes- 
senger for  him,  takes  care  of  his  room  and  his  clothes,  and  performs 
such  other  duties  as  may  be  required  of  him. 

Qualifications:  Should  be  bright  and  active. 

Schooling:  Common  school. 

COOK,  ASSISTANT  CLOWN 

Kindred  Occupations:  Ship's  cook;  Assistant  ship's  cook. 

Description:  The  assistant  cook  cooks  all  other  food  besides  meats  and 
vegetables.  During  peace  times  the  larger  vessels  carry  several  assistant 
cooks  for  special  dishes. 

Qualifications:  He  must  be  an  experienced  cook  and  have  had  sea  ex- 
perience. Must  be  clean  and  healthy. 

Schooling:  Common  school. 

COOK,  ASSISTANT  SHIP'S  CLUB 

Description:  The  assistant  ship's  cook  gives  the  ship's  cook  any  necessary 

assistance.  » 

Qualifications:   Must  have  had  experience  in  the  preparation  of  food  and 

have  had  sea  experience.    Must  be  clean  and  healthy. 
Schooling:  Common  school. 

COOK,  ASSISTANT  VEGETABLE  COACH 

Kindred  Occupations:  Assistant  cook;  Assistant  ship's  cook. 
Description:  The  assistant  vegetable  cook  works  under  the  direction  of  the 

vegetable  cook  and  assists  him  in  his  duties. 
Qualifications:  He  must  be  an  experienced  cook  and  preferably  have  had 

sea  experience.    Must  be  clean  and  healthy. 
Schooling:  Common  school. 

COOK,  ROAST  AND  GRILL  COAST 

Kindred  Occupations:   Vegetable  cook;  Assistant  cook. 

Description:  The  roast  and  grill  cook  prepares,  roasts,  and  grills  meats  and 

makes  up  short  orders,  such  as  steaks  and  chops. 
Qualifications:   He  must  be  an  experienced  cook  and  preferably  have  had 

sea  experience.    Must  be  clean  and  healthy. 
Schooling:  Common  school. 

COOK,  SHIP'S  COAT 

Kindred  Occupations:  Assistant  cook;  Assistant  ship's  cook. 

Description:  The  ship's  cook  prepares  and  cooks  the  meals  for  the  crew 
and  for  those  officers  who  do  not  eat  with  the  passengers. 

Qualifications:  He  must  be  an  experienced  cook  and  have  had  sea  expe- 
rience. Must  be  clean  and  healthy. 

Schooling:  Common  school. 


27 

COOK,  VEGETABLE  COB 

Description:    The  vegetable  cook  on  board  ship  prepares   and  cooks  the 

vegetables  which  are  served  to  passengers  and  crew. 
Qualifications:   He  should  be  especially  skilled  in  the  preparation,  cooking, 

and  serving  of  all  kinds  of  vegetables  in  appetizing,  nourishing,   and 

attractive  ways.     Must  have  had  sea  experience.     Must  be  clean  and 

healthy. 
Schooling:  Common  school. 

DISHWASHER  DEFT 

Kindred  Occupation:    Scullion. 

Description:  The  dishwasher  operates  the  dishwashing  machine  and  places 
the  washed  dishes  in  the  pantry.  He  may  be  called  upon  to  do  any  other 
general  kitchen  work.  Learners  in  the  steward's  department  frequently 
start  in  this  position. 

Qualifications:  Willingness  to  clean  and  scrub. 

KITCHEN  BOY.     (See  Scullion.) 

LIBRARIAN  LAX 

Kindred  Occupation:    Deck  steward. 

Description:  The  librarian  is  in  charge  of  the  writing  room,  library,  and 
music  room,  and  is  responsible  for  the  books  and  the  cleanliness  of  these 
rooms. 

Qualifications:  General  library  or  book-room  experience  desirable.  Sea  ex- 
perience desirable. 

Schooling:  Common  school. 

LINEN  KEEPER  LAY 

Kindred  Occupations:  Bedroom  steward;  Bath  steward. 

Description:  The  linen  keeper  has  charge  of  all  the  linen  aboard:  He 
counts,  issues,  and  keeps  it  safely  stowed  away.  He  sees  that  no  soiled 
linen  is  used  to  serve  the  purpose  of  rags. 

Qualifications:  Considerable  experience,  as  bedroom  steward.  Good  judg- 
ment and  common  sense  in  issuing  linen. 

Schooling:    Common  school. 

MESS  BOY,  FIREMEN'S  MET 

Kindred  Occupation:   Gunners'  messman. 
Description:   The  firemen's  mess  boy  waits  on  the  firemen's  mess,  keeps 

their  quarters  clean,  and  sees  that  ice  water  is  provided  for  them. 
Qualifications:   Should  be  bright  and  active;  preferably  have  had  sea  ex- 
perience. 

MESSMAN,  GUNNERS'  METE 

Kindred  Occupation:  Firemen's  mess  boy. 
Description:  The  gunners'  messman  waits  on  the  gunners'  mess  and  keeps 

their  quarters  clean. 

Qualifications:  Should  be  bright  and  active,  preferably  have  had  sea  ex- 
perience. 

PANTRYMAN,  FIRST  PINK 

Kindred  Occupations:  Second  pantryman;  Third  pantryman. 
Description:  The  first  pantryman  has  general  charge  of  the  pantry.  He 
sees  that  all  meats  are  properly  carved;  that  all  food  is  attractively 
dished  up  and  served  on  time;  that  waiters'  orders  are  promptly  car- 
ried out.  He  makes  coffee  and  tea,  and  prepares  salads  and  cold  cuts. 
He  orders  his  daily  supplies  from  the  storekeeper. 


28 

Qualifications:  He  must  have  had  experience  as  pantryman  or  waiter.  He 
must  be  able  to  direct  the  work  of  his  men  and  be  able  to  work  rapidly 
and  efficiently. 

Schooling:  Common  school. 

PANTRYMAN,  SECOND  PINT 

Kindred  Occupations:  Third  pantryman;  Waiter. 
Description:  The  second  pantryman  assists  the  first  pantryman  and  works 

under  his  direction.     He  generally  has  direct  charge  of  the  pantry  and 

sees  that  .dishes  are  cleaned  and  stowed  away,  and  that  the  pantry  is 

kept  clean. 
Qualifications:    He  must  have  had  experience  as  pantryman,   waiter,   or 

messman.    He  must  be  able  to  assist  in  directing  the  work  of  the  men; 

must  work  rapidly  and  efficiently. 
Schooling:  Common  school. 

PANTRYMAN,  THIRD  PIOUS 

Kindred  Occupation:   Waiter. 
Description:   The  third  pantryman  works  under  the  direction  of  the  first 

and  second  pantrymen,  who  detail  his  duties  to  him. 
Qualifications:  Must  have  had  experience  as  waiter  or  messman.    Must  be 

able  to  work  rapidly  and  efficiently. 
Schooling:  Common  school. 

PLATEWASHER.     (See  Dishwasher.) 

PORTER  PIPE 

Description:  The  porter  cleans,  fills,  and  keeps  in  place  all  oil  lights.  He 
also  does  general  cleaning  and  assists  in  the  care  of  the  passengers' 
baggage. 

Qualifications:  General  porterage  experience.    Sea  experience  desirable. 

PRINTER  PIPER 

Kindred  Occupation:   Waiter. 
Description:  The  printer  prints  passenger  lists,  menus,  announcements,  and 

other  printing  as  required  by  the  ship's  officers. 
Qualifications:  Must  be  accurate  and  speedy  in  printing. 
Schooling:  Common  school. 

PURSER  PIQUE 

Kindred  Occupation:   Assistant  purser. 

Description:  The  purser  is  the  ship's  clerk.  He  is  responsible  for  the 
manifests,  bills  of  health,  clearance  papers,  and  cargo.  He  keeps  the 
wages  account  of  the  crew,  and  is  present  when  they  are  paid  off.  He 
sees  that  all  tickets  are  collected  and  checked  with  the  passenger  list. 
He  exchanges  money.  In  case  of  death  or  birth  he  secures  Details  for 
the  master's  log.  He  encourages  entertainments  and  supplies  informa- 
tion. He  takes  care  of  the  wine  list  and  sees  that  it  is  settled  before 
the  boat  docks. 

Qualifications:  He  must  have  been  an  assistant  purser  or  have  had  high- 
grade  clerical  experience  ashore.  He  must  be  courteous  and  tactful  in 
dealing  with  passengers.  It  is  desirable  that  he  speak  the  languages  of 
the  countries  between  which  the  ship  sails. 

Schooling:  Common  school  and  business  courses. 


29 

PURSER,  ASSISTANT  PIT 

Kindred   Occupation:    Storekeeper. 
Description:  The  assistant  purser  works  under  the  direction  of  the  purser, 

assists  him   in   the  clerical   work,   and   gives  him   any  other   required 

assistance. 
Qualifications:    He   must   have   had   clerical   experience.     Sea   experience 

desirable. 
Schooling:  Common  school  and  business  courses. 

SCULLION  SHONE 

Kindred  Occupation:  Dishwasher. 
Description:  The  scullion  builds  the  galley  fires,  cleans  the  pots  and  pans, 

scrubs    the    kitchen,    cleans    the    vegetables,    and    peels    the    potatoes. 

Learners  in  the  steward's  department  frequently  start  in  this  position. 
Qualifications:  Willingness  to  clean  and  scrub. 

STEWARD,  BATH  SHORE 

Kindred  Occupation:   Bedroom  steward. 
Description:  The  bath  steward  has  charge  of  a  set  of  baths  and  lavatories 

which  he  keeps  clean.    He  finds  out  when  passengers  want  their  baths 

and  notifies  them  when  their  baths  are  ready.    He  may  be  called  upon 

to  do  other  work  in  this  department. 
Qualifications:    Must  have   had   experience  in   the   steward's  department. 

Must  be  courteous  and  alert  to  the  orders  of  passengers. 
Schooling:  Common  school. 

STEWARD,  BEDROOM  SHORT 

Kindred   Occupation:    Bath  steward. 

Description:  The  bedroom  steward  makes  up  beds  and  berths  and  sets 
staterooms  in  order.  He  serves  meals  in  rooms  when  called  upon  to  do 
so.  He  keeps  passageways,  alcoves,  and  corridors  around  his  set  of 
rooms  clean.  When  not  otherwise  occupied  he  stands  watch  in  the  day- 
time to  answer  bells  from  staterooms  in  his  section. 

Qualifications:  He  must  have  had  experience  as  waiter  or  messman. 
Must  be  courteous  and  alert  to  the  orders  of  passengers. 

Schooling:  Common  school. 

STEWARD,  CHIEF  SHOT 

Kindred  Occupations:  Second  steward;  Third  steward. 

Description:  The  chief  steward  has  full  control  of  the  commissary  or 
steward's  department.  He  lias  charge  of  and  is  responsible  for  the 
discipline  of  the  workers  in  his  department.  He  is  responsible  for  the 
comfort  and  service  of  all  passengers.  He. is  responsible  for  the  cor- 
rectness of  all  accounts  in  his  department,  and  must  take  an  inventory 
after  every  voyage  of  the  articles  intrusted  to  his  care. 

Qualifications:  He  must  have  worked  through  the  different  grades  of  his 
department  and  must  have  a  complete  knowledge  of  how  all  the  work 
in  his  department  is  done.  He  must  have  executive  ability  sufficient  to 
handle  men  and  to  organize,  supervise,  and  keep  his  department  in 
efficient  working  order.  He  must  know  how  to  order  a  sufficient  quantity 
of  provisions  to  last  him  through  the  voyage.  He  must  know  how  to 
inspect  and  store  provisions. 

Schooling:  Common  school. 


30 

STEWARD,  CHIEF  SECOND-CLASS  SHOUT 

Kindred  Occupations:  Chief  third-class  steward;  Second-class  steward. 

Description:  The  chief  second-class  steward  looks  after  the  comfort,  con- 
venience, and  service  of  the  second-class  passengers.  He  sees  that  the 
tables  are  properly  set  and  that  the  waiters  give  courteous,  prompt,  and 
efficient  service.  He  sees  that  the  accommodations  of  the  second-class 
passengers  are  kept  clean  and  in  order. 

Qualifications:  He  must  have  had  several  years'  experience  in  the  steward's 
department.  Must  be  capable  of  directing  the  work  of  men  under  him. 

Schooling:  Common  school. 

STEWARD,  CHIEF  THIRD-CLASS  STOVE 

Kindred  Occupations:  Second-class  steward;  Third-class  steward. 

Description:  The  chief  third-class  steward  looks  after  the  comfort,  con- 
venience, and  service  of  the  third-class  passengers.  He  sees  that  the 
food  is  properly  served  and  that  the  accommodations  of  the  third-class 
passengers  are  kept  clean  and  in  order. 

Qualifications:  He  must  have  had  experience  in  the  steward's  department. 
Must  be  capable  of  directing  the  work  of  the  men  under  him. 

Schooling:  Common  school. 

STEWARD,  DECK  SHOW 

Kindred  Occupations:  Bath  steward;  Bedroom  steward. 

Description:  The  deck  steward  looks  after  the  comfort  and  convenience  of 
passengers  on  deck.  He  places  their  chairs,  takes  care  of  their  rugs, 
gets  books  for  them,  and  gives  them  such  other  attention  as  they  desire. 

Qualifications:  He  must  have  had  several  years'  experience  in  the  steward's 
department.  Must  be  courteous  and  alert  to  the  orders  of  passengers. 

Schooling:  Common  school. 

STEWARD,  GLORY-HOLE  SHRED 

Kindred  Occupations :  Messman ;  Messboy. 

Description:  The  glory -hole  steward  keeps  the  glory  hole  (stewards'  quar- 
ters) clean  and  in  order. 

Qualifications:  Should  be  bright  and  active,  preferably  have  had  sea  ex- 
perience. 

STEWARD,  SECOND  SHRUB 

Kindred  Occupation:   Third  steward. 

Description:  The  second  steward  works  under  the  direction  of  the  chief 
steward  and  is  in  direct  charge  of  the  handling  of  all  workers  in  the 
steward's  department.  He  details  them  to  their  daily  tasks.  He  is  in 
direct  charge  of  the  comfort,  convenience,  and  service  of  the  first-class 
passengers. 

Qualifications:  He  must  have  had  several  years'  experience  in  the  steward's 
department.  He  must  be  able  to  detail  men  to  their,  tasks  and  to  super- 
vise the  work  of  the  department.  Must  be  tactful  and  courteous  in  deal- 
ing with  passengers. 

Schooling:  Common  school. 

STEWARD,  SECOND-CLASS  SHRUG 

Kindred  Occupations:  Third-class  steward;  Bedroom  steward. 
Description :  The  second-class  steward  assists  the  chief  second-class  steward 

in  looking  after  the  comfort,  convenience,  and  service  of  the  second-class 

passengers. 


31 

Qualifications:  He  must  have  had  experience  in  the  steward's  department  as 

steward  or  waiter.    Must  be  courteous  and  capable. 
Schooling:  Common  school. 

STEWARD,  SMOKING  ROOM  SHUCK 

Kindred  Occvpations:  Librarian;  Deck  steward;  Waiter. 

Description:  The  smoking" room  steward  serves  drinks  and  cigars  to  pas- 
sengers in  the  smoking  room,  and  keeps  that  room  clean  and  in  order. 

Qualifications:  Should  have  had  experience  as  waiter  aboard  ship.  Must  be 
courteous  and  alert  to  the  orders  of  passengers. 

Schooling:  Common  school. 

STEWARD,   THIRD  SHUN 

Kindred  Occupations:  Chief  second-class  steward;  Chief  third-class  steward. 
Description:  The  larger  steamships  carry  a  third  steward  who  assists  the 

chief  steward  and  the  second  steward  in  their  tasks. 
Qualifications:   Must  have  had  several  years'  experience  in  the  steward's 

department.    Must  be  able  to  direct  men  in  their  work.    Must  be  courteous 

and  tactful  in  dealing  with  passengers. 
Schooling:  Common  school. 

STEWARD,  THIRD-CLASS  SHUT 

Kindred  Occupations :  Bedroom  steward ;  Waiter. 
Description:  The  third-class  steward  assists  the  chief  third-class  steward  in 

looking  after  the  comfort,  convenience,  and  service  of  the  third-class 

passengers.    He  is  carried  only  on  the  larger  steamships. 
Qualifications:  He  must  have  had  experience  as  steward  or  waiter.     Must 

be  capable  of  assisting  the  chief  third-class  steward  in  directing  the  work 

of  the  men  under  him. 
Schooling:  Common  school. 

STEWARDESS  SHTITE 

Description:  The  stewardess  makes  the  beds  of  the  women  passengers  and 
keeps  their  rooms  in  order  and  dusted.  She  looks  after  the  comfort  and 
convenience  of  women  and  children  and  gives  special  attention  to  them 
when  they  are  ill.  She  keeps  damaged  linen  in  repair  as  far  as  prac- 
ticable. 
Qualifications:  She  must  have  had  general  experience  in  general  housework 

or  similar  experience.    Experience  as  a  practical  nurse  is  desirable. 
Schooling:  Common  school. 

STOREKEEPER  SHY 

Kindred  Occupations:  Assistant  storekeeper;  Barkeeper. 

Description:  The  storekeeper  has  charge  of  all  groceries  and  dry  stores 
and  the  seamen's  slop  chest.  He  issues  stores  to  the  chef,  baker,  and 
pantryman  on  presentation  of  their  daily  issue  book.  Articles  from  the 
slop  chest  are  issued  to  seamen  on  order  of  the  master.  The  storekeeper 
keeps  a  record  of  stores  issued  and  makes  a  report  at  the  end  of  the 
voyage.  He  is  responsible  for  the  proper  care,  cleanliness,  and  stowing 
of  the  goods  in  his  charge. 

Qualifications:  He  must  have  had  experience  as  assistant  storekeeper  or 
as  waiter.  Must  use  good  sense  and  judgment  in  the  issuing  of  stores. 

Schooling:  Common  school. 


32 

STOREKEEPER,  ASSISTANT  SPITE 

Description:  The  assistant  storekeeper  works  under  the  direction  of  the 

storekeeper,  and  assists  him  in  the  care  and  issuing  of  stores. 
Qualifications:  He  should  have  had  experience  as  waiter  or  messman.     He 

must  use  good  judgment  and  common  sense  in  the  issuing  of  stores. 
Schooling:  Common  school. 

SURGEON  SIDE 

Description:   The  surgeon  must  see  that  he  has  a  sufficient  quantity  of 
medical  and  surgical  supplies  on  board  for  both  passengers  and  crew. 
He  must  attend  to  the  crew  and  passengers  in  need  of  medical  attention. 
He  is  charged  with  the  keeping  of  a  journal  of  his  practice  and  a  record 
of  all  accidents,  sickness,  deaths,  and  births.    He  must  inspect  the  sani- 
tary condition  of  the  vessel  with  the  master  and  other  officers. 
Qualifications:  Must  be  a  competent  medical  practitioner. 
Schooling:  Medical-school  graduate. 

WAITER,  FIRST-CLASS  SALOON  WATT 

Kindred  Occupations:  Waiter,  second-class  saloon;  Waiter,  third-class 
saloon. 

Description:  The  first-class  saloon  waiter  sets  and  waits  on  a  table  in  the 
first-class  saloon  and  cleans  glasses  and  silverware.  He  may  be  called 
upon  to  act  as  watchman  or  for  other  services  in  the  steward's  depart- 
ment. 

Qualifications:  He  must  have  had  experience  in  the  other  saloons  or  have 
had  experience  in  a  high-grade  hotel  or  restaurant.  Must  be  courteous, 
efficient,  prompt,  neat,  and  careful. 

Schooling:  Common  school. 

WAITER,  SECOND-CLASS  SALOON  WAVE 

Kindred  Occupation:  Waiter,  third-class  saloon. 
Description:  The  second-class  saloon  waiter  has  to  perform  the  same  duties 

as  the  waiter  in  the  first-class  saloon. 
Qualifications:  He  must  have  had  experience  aboard  ship  or  in  a  high-grade 

hotel   or  restaurant.     Must  be  courteous,   efficient,   prompt,   neat,   and 

careful. 
Schooling:  Common  school. 

WAITER,  THIRD-CLASS  SALOON  WAVER 

Kindred  Occupations:  Messman;  Messboy. 
Description:  The  third-class  saloon  waiter  has  to  perform  the  same  duties 

as  the  waiter  in  the  first-class  saloon. 
Qualifications:   Must  have  had  experience  as  waiter  ashore  or  experience 

as  messman  aboard  ship. 
Schooling:  Common  school. 

WATCHMAN,  NIGHT  WAVY 

Description:   The  night  watchman  is  detailed  to  answer  all  bells  in  his 

section,  to  watch  for  fire  and  falling  objects  and  to  see  that  all  is  well 

in  his  section.    He  reports  to  the  officer  of  the  watch  at  stated  intervals 

during  the  night. 

Qualifications:  Experience  as  watchman  desirable,  sea  experience  desirable. 
Old  able  seamen  are  often  hired  for  this  position. 


UNIVEESITY   OF   CALIFOENIA   LIBEAEY, 
BEEKELEY 


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expiration  of  loan  period. 


NOV  23  193 

MAR  31  1932 


75m-7,'30 


YC  35104 


594347 


UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA  LIBRARY 


